Modern Forensic Science Forensic science pivots upon of two different Latin words: forensis and science. The forensis, about discussion in public. Because trials in the ancient world were typically held in public.
The second is science, which is derived from the Latin word for 'knowledge' and is today closely tied to the scientific method of acquiring knowledge.
Forensic science means the use of the scientific methods and processes for crime solving .
Criminalistics is named as Forensic science . Application of science to criminal and civil laws to bolster the Physical Evidence.
* Criminal Cases—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the course of an investigation.
Forensic Medicine........Kinds..
- Forensic Pathology. Forensic pathology deals with the study of the cause and manner of death by examination of a dead body during the medicolegal investigation of criminal lawand civil law cases in some jurisdictions.
- Clinical Forensic Medicine. ...A branch of forensic medicine that involves an evaluation and interpretation of injuries and illness in living individuals.
- Forensic Toxicology. ...An interdisciplinary field applying the methods of analytical chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to the analysis and interpretation of drugs and chemicals in biological samples for legal purposes
- Forensic Serology. ... Science of Forensic Material Evidence or Forensic Physical Evidence, is the application of biology to law enforcement.
- Forensic Psychiatry. ...Involves both psychology and psychiatry science in relation to the law and legal system. It studies, evaluates, and identifies mentally-related illnesses and human behavior to obtain legal evidence.
- Forensic Anthropology....Application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology (the study of the human skeleton) in criminal cases where the victim's remains are decomposed, burned, mutilated, or otherwise unrecognizable. Forensic anthropologists can assist in the recovery of remains, assess age, race, sex, stature, ancestry, and analyze trauma and disease of human remains of crime and natural disasters. Forensic science is focused on the justice system. There are a host of forensic science disciplines, including:
- DNA analysts
- Forensic toxicologists
- Forensic entomology
- Forensic anthropologists
- Forensic odontologists
- Forensic botanists
- Forensic geologists
- Medical examiners
- Coroners
- Forensic pathologists
- Trace evidence analysts
- Fingerprint examiners
- Questioned documents analysts
- Forensic autopsy technicians
1-Forensic science is to apply Scientific theories upon matters of law to grab the culprits.
2-Forensics science is beneficial to bring the criminals to face the music of law by investigation using modern technology to understand and preserve the a crime scene.
3-Every serial of the crime scene is analyzed to find the smallest part of evidence.
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Forensic science can help investigators to know how blood spatter patterns occur. 5.It enable investigation agency to gain information germane to presentia of culprits at the crime scene. 6-It makes easy to know the Time, Date, circumstantial evidence and who abetted and who committed the crime.
7- Forensic science is now essential part of the justice system for providing scientific facts of permissible evidence.
8-In a typical crime scene investigation, material evidence will be gathered by the investigators.
Then the forensic scientists will analyze this evidence to provide a scientific based evidence to be presented in court.
Each type of material evidence must be collected in a different fashion to ensure that the evidence remains as intact and un-contaminated as possible. for example: Blood that is in liquid pools should be collected on gauze pads or sterile cotton and allowed to air dry. Then it should be refrigerated.
At he standard crime scene, photographs will be taken of everything before collection. Larger pieces of evidence will be removed first, such as a computer, or clothing. The ground should be vacuumed any find trace evidence. There are a number different classification for evidence in forensic science. Circumstantial evidence is
P L D 2021 Supreme Court 362
Law:-Art. 164 Qanun-e-Shahadat (10 of 1984
1.Importance of modern forensic techniques.
2.Science and the criminal justice system.
3.Importance and admissibility of DNA evidence to establish the guilt or innocence of an accused.-Concept of DNA evidence as the strongest corroborative piece of evidence explained.
DNA evidence/report, Per-se admissibility---Meaning---Requirement of examining the expert who prepared the DNA report explained.
Under section 9 of the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act, 2007 an expert of the Punjab Forensic Science Agency (PFSA) was considered to be an expert in terms of section 510, Cr.P.C. Therefore, DNA test report prepared by an expert of the PFSA was per se admissible.
